Dutch Modelling and Aviation

In Memoriam

Klaas Willem Jonker
(Wilko)
† April 30, 2018

On Monday, April 30, 2018, Wilko Jonker passed away after a long illness at the age of 58. He leaves behind a wife and two children. The Dutch military aviation and plastic model building were his hobby and on this website he has shared all the knowledge he has gathered about it over the many years. His hobby was able to distract him from the raging disease in his body until the last week of his life. The contacts with other hobbyists were a major support for him.

Fokker D.XXI

Details
Hits: 19131

Article Index

History

The Fokker D.XXI was developed in response to a request in May 1934 of the NEIAF (ML-KNIL) for a replacement for the Curtiss Hawk.
It was to be a relatively simple aircraft, given the circumstances in former Dutch East-Indies: a fixed undercarriage, mixed construction: partially steel tubes covered with linen:  partially aluminium alloy and a wooden wing and a fixed 12 mm machine-gun in the fuselage plus two ( both in height and sideways ) adjustable 7.62 mm in the wings . Furthermore, the device had to be able to carry a light bomb load.
The design had to be read before the midst of September 1934

Fokker offered two designs: the D.XIX, which was developed from the Fokker D.XVII, and new design, no 112 with a single low wing. Both were to be equipped with the Rolls Royce Kestrel IV.
Design 112 could also be equipped with a radial engine.

In the end the NEIAF chose design 112, which had received the Fokker designation D.XXI in  November 1934. As the engine the Bristol Mercury VIS radial engine was selected in April 1935.
The prototype, with fuselage number 541, was completed in February 1936 and made its first flight, with the NEI serial FD -322, on February 27, 1936.
Meanwhile, NEIAF had changed its mind and wanted a so called battle air force, consisting of  fast twin-engined bombers . For this, the Martin Model 139 was purchased and there was no money for the purchase of fighter aircraft.
The Ministry of Colonies offered the Fokker D.XXI then to the Ministry of Defence, who initially was not interested in the aircraft.

In the autumn of 1936, partly due to the increased tension in the meantime, the LVA showed more interest in the Fokker D.XXI. In the spring 1936 Fokker had already received some export orders from Finland, which later also purchased license rights. The Finnish version was equipped with an neforced, thucker undercarriage, because of use with skis during the winter. The Finnish state factory built another 90 examples, equipped with Pratt & Whitney Wasp engine.
Denmark in 1938 ordered two examples and built another ten examples under license. These aircraft had also the Finnihs enforced and thicker undercarriage. Spain also signed a licensing agreement for 50 examples, of which was, however, only one built.

In 1937 - 1938 Fokker offered a further development, design 150 equipped with a Bristol Hercules engine of 1375 hp and design 151 with a Rolls-Royce Merlin II of 1050 hp or a Daimler Benz DB 600H rated 1090 hp. Neither of these designs was built.

 

Technical information D.XXI LVA version
Dimensions:
Length: 8,22 m Wingspan: 11 m
Height: 2,95 m Wing area: 16,2 m2
Weights:
Empty weight: 1450 kg Max. start weight: 2050 kg
Performances:
Max. speed: 480 km/hr Climbing speed: - m/min
Cruising speed: - km/hr    
Range: 950 km Service ceiling: 11 000 m
Miscellaneous:
Engine type: One Bristol Mercury VIII rated 830 hp .
Crew: One aviator
Armament: Four wing mounted Browning M-36 7,9 mm machine guns.

 


In Service with LVA and NEIAF.

NEIAF

After the first flights of the factory the D.XXI was tested by the ML and by the RSL (National Research Centre for Aviation). The two-bladed propeller is replaced by a three-bladed propeller Ratier.

Between late November 1936 and mid-January 1937 the D.XX.
It was also tested by the LVA at Soesterberg.
Probably in January 1937, the Fokker D.XXI was shipped to the Dutch East Indies. There it made its first flight April 16, 1937 from Andir.

The NEIAF pilots were not very enthusiastic about the D.XXI and also many problems occurred.
It is uncertain what happened with the Fokker D.XXI; some sources state that it was scrapped in 1941; other sources state that it was destroyed in February 1942 during a bombardment of Kalidjati.

LVA

Partly due to the priority for training aircraft and so called "cruisers" and also by the relatively low gain in speed (maximum speed 411 km/hr ) compared with the Fokker D.XVII ( maximum speed 370 km/hr) the LVA showed little interest in the D.XXI .

The LVB (equipment service of the LVA) noticed slow delivery of orders for foreign aircraft, so the LVB decided to consider the D.XXI after all, though it had to undergo a number of changes so the LVA version corresponded much with the Finnish version of the D.XXI.

The performance was not as required for a fighter, but considered good enough to protect scouts and for ground attack tasks, so in December 1936 Fokker received an order for 36 examples.

The LVA thought to be able to buy more modern, faster fighter aircraft. The Hawker Hurricane was one of the candidates, but in 1939 a series Koolhoven Fk.58 's was ordered, but these were never delivered.
As the engine the Bristol Mercury VIII  rated 830 hp was selected, while the armament consisted of four fixed machine guns in the wings.
The first example, wit serial 212, made ​​its first flight on May 26, 1938 , and was , after testing, handed over officially on July 22, 1938.
The D.XXI was equipped with outdated line visors, but there were more modern Revi reflex sights ordered, which, were never delivered due to the invasion.
Autumn 1939 was radio equipment became available, but due to the slow delivery and other problems not all D.XXIs equipped with radio in May 1940.

 


Fokker D.XXI

 

 


Serials
Serials
 Constr. nr.
Constr. nr.
 Date in service
Date in service
 Date out of service
Date out of service
 Notes
notes
212 5485 12-08-1938 14-05-1940 First flight 26-05-1938.
Equipped with radio and stationed at Ypenburg.
Made six flights during the armistice and was set to fire at Schiphol on may 14, 1940.
213 5486 12-08-1938 11-05-1940 First flight 12-07-1938;
Shot down near Waddinxveen
214 5487 12-08-1938 10-05-1940 First flight 09-08-1938.
May 1940 stationed at De Kooy and destroyed during bombardment on may 10, 1940.
215 5488 26-08-1938 10-05-1940 23-08-1938 first flight.
May 10, 1940 emergency landing on the beach near Kijkduin and destroyed during air raid.
216 5489 26-08-1938 10-05-1940 23-08-1938 first flight.
Shot down near Den Deijl.
217 5490 09-09-1938 14-05-1940 01-09-1938 first flight.
May 10, 1940 emergency landing near Ockenburg.
Captured by the Germans and tested on may 15, 1940 at Rechlin
218 5491 09-09-1938 12-05-1940 05-09-1938 first flight.
May 12, 1940 landing accident at Buiksloot.
219 5492 16-09-1938 14-05-1940 04-09-1938 first flight.
Set to fire at Schiphol
220 5493 29-09-1938 14-05-1940 22-09-1938 first flight.
14-05-1940 captured.
221 5494 30-09-1938 14-05-1940 29-09-1938 first flight.
Set to fire at Schiphol
222 5495 03-10-1938 10-05-1940 01-10-1938 first flight.
Shot down near Monster
223 5496 09-10-1938 ? 10-05-1940 07-10-1938 first flight.
Shot down near Wassenaarse Slag.
224 5497 12-10-1938 14-05-1940 10-10-1938 first flight.
Set to fire at Schiphol
225 5498 11-11-1938 10-05-1940 20-10-1938 first flight.
Shot down near Ouderkerk aan de IJssel (?)
226 5499 11-11-1938 14-05-1940 28-10-1938 first flight.
Destroyed at De Vlijt
227 5500 11-11-1938 14-05-1940 05-11-1938 first flight.
Not operational in May 1and captured.
Showed in Waren (Müritz) with (fake) French roundels
228 5501 11-11-1938 10-05-1940 08-11-1938 first flight.
May 110, 1940 landed at Ockenburg and captured.
229 5502 12-11-1938 11-05-1940 11-11-1938 first flight.
Shot down near Nieuwkoop. Wreck salvaged in July 1993 and nowadays shown at Crash museum at Aalsmeerderbrug.
230 5503 12-01-1939 14-05-1940 03-01-1939 first flight.
May 1940 not operational and captured.
231 5504 17-01-1939 14-05-1940 03-01-1939 first flight.
Captured ans crashed on October 16, 1940 near FlugLehrerschule der Luftwaffe at Brandenburg-Briest
232 5505 12-01-1939 14-05-1940 07-01-1939 first flight.
May 1940 not operational and captured.
233 5506 12-01-1939 14-05-1940 05-01-1939 first flight.
Damaged during air raid De Kooy on May 10, 1940 and possibly captured.
234 5507 17-01-1939 10-05-1940 07-01-1939 first flight.
Damaged during air raid De Kooy on May 10, 1940.
235 5508 18-02-1939 14-05-1940 23-01-1939 first flight.
Set to fire at Schiphol.
236 5509 18-02-1939 14-05-1940 25-01-1939 first flight.
May 14, 1940 emergency landing near Vleuten and set to fire.
237 5510 18-02-1939 22-11-1939 09-02-1939 first flight.
Crashed near Hillegersberg.
238 5511 18-02-1939 10-05-1940 15-02-1939 first flight.
Shot down near Rotterdam
239 5512 14-03-1939 10-05-1940 07-03-1939 first flight.
Damaged beyond repair on May 10, 1940 and set to fire at Schiphol.
240 5513 14-03-1939 14-05-1940 09-03-1939 first flight.
Set to fire at Schiphol.
241 5514 14-03-1939 10-05-1940 10-03-1939 first flight.
Shot down during landing.
242 5515 23-03-1939 14-051940 16-03-1939 first flight.
Set to fire at Schiphol.
243 5516 23-03-1939 14-05-1940 18-03-1939 first flight.
Set to fire at Schiphol.
244 5517 03-04-1939 14-05-1940 29-03-1939 first flight.
Set to fire at Schiphol.
245 5518 05-04-1939 14-05-1940 03-04-1939 first flight.
Emergency landing near Zwaagdijk. Captured.
246 5519 11-04-1939 10-05-1940 09-04-1939 first flight.
Shot down near Pijnacker.
247 5520 09-09-1939 10-05-1940 01-03-1939 ready.
Destroyed during attacks Ypenburg
 
FD-322 5416 01-1937 1942 27-02-1936 first flight.
This was the prototype, ordered by NEIAF.
January 1937 shipped to Netherlands East Indies. First flight Andir on April 16, 1937.
In 1941 of 1942 scrapped or destroyed during Japanese air raid.

 


1/72nd Scale

Kits

  • CMR
    • Kit 5076: Fokker D21 Finnish Pratt and Whitney Version
    • Kit 5092: Fokker D21 Finnish Bristol Mercury Version
  • Frog/Novo
    • Kit F223 / -: (One of) the oldest Fokker D.XXI kits
  • MPM
    • Kit 72517: Fokker D.XXI "Dutch Defender", considered the best Fokker D.XXI (Mercury version) kit available.
    • Kit 72571: Fokker D.XXI "Dutch Patrol" Hi-tech.
    • Kit 72544: Danish Fokker D.XXI.
    • Kit 72520/72526: Finnish versions of the Fokker D.XXI.
  • Matchbox/Pioneer2/PM
    • Kit ../ PM201 / 201
  • SIGA
    • Kit 72004: Fokker D.XXI: The old Frog kit
  • Special Hobby
    • Kit 72113/72116/72189: Several Finnish Wasp versions of the Fokker D.XXI

 

Fokker D.XXI-IMG_2499

A model of a Fokker D.XXI, in the paint scheme in use before September 1939.
The kit used is the MPM kit.

Fokker D.XXI-IMG_2500

 

Fokker D.XXI-IMG_2497

A model of a Fokker D.XXI,in the paint scheme applied from September 1939 an on.
The kit used is the MPM kit.

Fokker D.XXI-IMG_2498

 

Modelling add-on

  • Vector Resin
    • Set 72001: Resin Bristol Mercury/Pegasus
  • Aeroclub
    • Set E071: Bristol Mercury (Bristol Blenheim)
    • Set E078: Bristol Mercury with Townend Ring
    • Set E083: Bristol Mercury with Cowl (Blenheim, Lysander)
  • Kora Models
    • Set KC7260: Fokker D.XXI Shvetsov M-25 engine (Spanish AF part II)
    • Set KC7259: Fokker D.XXI Bristol Mercury engine (Spanish AF part I)
    • Set KC7270: Fokker DXXI Mercury (Luftwaffe service)
    • Set KC7268: Fokker DXXI Mercury (Dutch service part I)
    • Set KC7269: Fokker DXXI Mercury (Dutch service part II)
    • Set KC7267 : Fokker DXXI Mercury (Dutch and Japanese service)
    • Set ds7259: Interior set for Fokker DXXI in Dutch service (MPM)
    • Set ds7255: Interior set for Fokker DXXI in Danish service (MPM)
    • Set ds7237: Mercury engine for Fokker DXXI in Finnish service (MPM)
    • Set ds7241: Wasp engine for Fokker DXXI in Finnish service (MPM)
    • Set ds7240: Interior set for Wasp engined Fokker DXXI in Finnish service (MPM)
    • Set ds7236: Interior set for Mercury engined Fokker DXXI in Finnish service (MPM)
    • Set ds7243: Undercarriage correction set for Fokker DXXI Danish service (MPM)
    • Set ds7242: Undercarriage correction set for Fokker DXXI Wasp engine-Finnish service (MPM)
    • Set ds7239: Ski undercarriage correction set for Fokker DXXI Finnish service (MPM)
    • Set ds7238: Undercarriage correction set for Fokker DXXI Mercury engine-Finnish service (MPM)
    • Set ds7260: Engine set for Fokker DXXI in Dutch service (MPM)
    • Set ds7256: Engine set for Fokker DXXI in Danish service (MPM)

Decals

  • TechMod
    • Set 72058:Set decals for three LVA D.XXIs and one Finnish D.XXI.
  • Dutch Decal
    • Set 72030: Decals for aircraft as the D.XXI prototype and one LVA example.

Schaal 1/48

Bouwpakketten

  • Classic Airframe
    • Kit 4150: Dutch version
    • Kit 4153: Danish version
  • Special Hobby
    • Kit SH48078: Fokker D.XXI "3. sarja with Mercury Engine`
    • Kit SH48073: Fokker D.XXI "4. sarja with Wasp Junior Engine`
    • Kit SH48124: Fokker D.XXI. 3.sarja and 4.sarja over Finland (Combo kit)

Modelling add-on

  • Vector resin
    • Set 48-028: Pratt and Whitney R1535

Decals

  • Dutch Decal
    • Set 48055: decals for several aircraft e.g. Fokker D.XXI, Fokker D.XXIII, Dornier Do215 .

 


Scheme Colour name WEM Humbrol XtraColor Vallejo Model Color Vallejo Model Air
Fokker D.XXi LVA
Standard #1 Upper surfaces Camouflage Brown AC D02     70.985  
Camouflage Green AC D03     70.979?  
Camouflage Beige AC D01        
Undersides Camouflage Brown AC D02     70.985  
Fokker D.XXI F.D.322 ML-KNIL
Standard #1 Fuselage LVA Khaki AD D04 29? / 155? x2? /x251? 70.921? / 70.887  
Horizontal stabilo, etc. Aluminium Dope   191 / 56 X216 70.864  

Check www.paint4models.com for an extensive conversion table with lots of colour and paint systems.

 

Fokker D.XXI LVA

Fokker DXXI-1A-SMALL
Fokker D.XXI in the delivery scheme.
Fokker DXXI 1B SMALL
Fokker D.XXI in he delivery scheme: pattern applied to aircraft with high serials.
Fokker DXXI 2A SMALL
Fokker D.XXI rudder painted with dark brown from end of 1938 and on.
Fokker DXXI-2B-SMALL
Fokker D.XXI (higer serials) rudder painted with dark brown from end of 1938 and on.
Fokker DXXI 3A SMALL
Fokker D.XXI national marking replaced with orange triangle an orange rudder from September 1939 and on.

 

Fokker D.XXI NEIAF

Fokker DXXI FD322 SMALL
Fokker D.XXI (prototype built for NEIAF).

 


Literature.

AVIA: 32e jaargang nummer 8: Vliegtuig-Informatie: Fokker D.XXI (Deel 2) F. Zandvliet Pag. 281 1973 Uitgevers Wyt, Rotterdam
AVIA: 32e jaargang nummer 10: Lezers schrijven: Fokker D.XXI Frits Gerdessen Pag. 368 1973 Uitgevers Wyt, Rotterdam
Nederlandse Militaire Luchtvaart in Beeld. deel 1. Hugo Hooftman Pag. 150 - 152 1977 Europese Bibliotheek, Zaltbommel
Nederlandse Vliegtuig-Encyclopedie No. 5 Fokker D-XXI Hugo Hooftman Pag. 1978 COCKPIT-uitgeverij, Bennekom
Fokker, Bouwer aan de wereldluchtvaart Thijs Postma Pag. 102 - 103 1979 Unieboek b.v., Houten
Militaire Luchtvaart in Nederlandsch-Indië in beeld, Deel 2 Hugo Hooftman Pag. 1 1981 Europese Bibliotheek, Zaltbommel
Fokker,-vliegtuigen voor de Militaire Luchtvaart   Pag. 13 1982  
AVIA;43e jaargang nummer 6: De laatste demonstratie van de eerste Ja.Va H.J. van Overvest Pag. 188 - 191 1984 Uitgevers Wyt, Rotterdam
40 Jaar luchtvaart in Indië Gerard Casius & Thijs Postma Pag. 36 1986 Uitgeverij De Alk, Alkmaar
KLu Vliegtuigen: De vliegtuigen van de Koninklijke Luchtmacht vanaf 1913 Wim Schoenmaker & Thijs Postma Pag. 54 1987 Uitgeverij De Alk, Alkmaar
Modelbouw in Plastic jaargang 16, nummer 2: De Fokker D.XXI van de LA-KNIL Max Schep Pag. 40 - 42 1987 I.P.M.S. Nederland, Nederland
Nederlandse Militaire Luchtvaart VI: Fokker D.XXI (deel 2) Frits Gerdessen Pag. 1991 St. Vrienden v.h. Mil. Luchtv. Museum, Soesterberg
Luchtvaart; 10e jaargang nummer 11: Fokker D.XXI: De laatste operationele Fokkerjager Hans Heerkens Pag. 415 - 421 1993 Uitgeverij Helmond, Helmond
Squadrons van de Koninklijke Luchtmacht (derde herzien druk) Willem Helfferich Pag. 17 - 19 1994 Uitgevers Wyt, Rotterdam
Fokker, D.XXI History., camouflage and markings Frits Gerdessen & Boerman, Luc Pag. 2007 Dutch ProfileDutch Profile, Zwammerdam
Fokker, D.21 Jachtvliegtuig 1936 - 1940 Peter de Jong Pag. * 2012 ViolaeroViolaero, Emmen

 

Websites.

--

 

Language Switcher

Most Read